两阶段冷却涵盖了几种不同的冷却技术，因此我们与一位热线专家坐下来回答一些常见问题。
在我们关于LinkedIn的专家系列的首次询问中，我们要求人们提交有关我们最受欢迎的热力技术之一的问题：两相冷却。我们收到了几个问题，因此我们与一位热力专家David Miller进行了交谈，以在下面回答。
Essentially, "Two-Phase" means that there is a phase change of a fluid from liquid to vapor that occurs. This change of phase causes a substantial transformation of heat, called latent heat of transformation. In a Heat Pipe, a very small amount of pure water (or other liquid) saturates the wick inside. When that heat pipe is exposed to heat in one area, that liquid evaporates, causing a phase change of the water to vapor. The changing of this water to a vapor quickly transports heat to cooler regions where it will condense. This moving of heat has a much higher effective thermal conductivity than conduction through a solid material such as copper.
In any thermal management system, heat must move from hot to cold, so you need a way to move heat from one location to another. Heat Pipes, Vapor Chambers, and Thermosiphons are all components that accomplish this more efficiently than solid conventional metal conductors, such as copper or aluminum. Because of the phase change that occurs in these two-phase cooling methods, the thermal conductivity is 100-200 times that of copper. This reduces the total thermal resistance of the cooling system and the temperature difference (Δt) from one point to another.
综上所述，您仍然需要空气。您不能仅用热管替换风冷设备。您将加热管与扩展的表面积（FIN）和某种空气移动系统（或通过自然对流）结合使用。但是，热电阻的越低，热量越快传递，因此，对于相同量的功率，使用两相增强的冷却系统，从设备到空气的温度差将降低。
We have a lot of information about how each of these work on我们的网站，这是一个很好的起点。由于大多数应用程序都是唯一的，因此最好与Boyd联系并与我们的一位应用程序或设计工程师合作，为您开发优化的冷却解决方案。
It depends on what the Two-Phase System is. The cost can vary substantially, depending on the technology that is used. There are also some limitations on the maximum length of a Heat Pipe; if you have to move heat across a very long distance, a heat pipe can potentially be limiting in length. The physical size of a Heat Pipe or Vapor Chamber can also be a challenge, as there are limitations in what you can manufacture based on what tooling is available. Finally, the environment can be a factor; environments that run below freezing can pose challenges since copper-water based Heat Pipes only operate above freezing temperatures.
现在，有多种方法可以解决这些挑战，包括使用热虹吸管for longer distances, or by using methanol instead of water in a Heat Pipe for operating below freezing temperatures. Ultimately, the best thing to do is to send us your specific project requirements, and we can help determine the best method for cooling.
Think of a conventional Heat Pipe as just a copper tube that has a wick and a specific amount of fluid inside. When you heat one end, the water inside evaporates and travels to the other end, where it cools. The liquid then condenses and travels back along the same pipe to the heated end by capillary action.
循环热管以连续循环运行；它具有一个起点（蒸发器），水转向蒸气。蒸气沿着管道传播到冷凝器，液体在那里沿着单独的线进行重新添加并在其上行驶，并将其返回蒸发器。有很多物理可以驱动循环热管的操作。环路热管的典型用途是冷却航天器应用，其中必须移动更长的距离（它们通常将氨使用作为内部传热液）。如果您具有固定且有利的重力取向，则可以在更经济的同时以类似的方式使用循环热节。
对于许多进行计算流体动力学（CFD）分析的人，他们使用一般的经验法则来对热管或蒸气室的等效导热率进行建模。几何局限性和方向限制了准确建模热管的能力，结果不考虑重力或加热管的弯曲和扁平化的因素。您也无法预测热管的限制，或者是否过度设计。
Aavid SmartCFDis the only software tool that accurately models complex Two-Phase Cooling components like Heat Pipes and Vapor Chambers, quantifies utilization capacity, and warns of dry-out. This software allows for all of those factors when simulating a Heat Pipe or Vapor Chamber. It helps predict the performance of a cooling system with a Heat Pipe or Vapor Chamber much more accurately than other CFD programs, so I'm a big proponent of SmartCFD.
对于极端的温度，我们以前已经为0°C以下的应用制作了热管，我们可以使用甲醇作为液体进行热管。在高端，我看到了大约1000°C的应用程序（尽管我们通常试图在150°C附近或以下的应用程序中使用它们来进行电子冷却）。就极端规模而言，我为地热应用开发了一个热刺，多长度。
我们看到非常有趣的应用程序可以通过两阶段解决方案来解决。我们强烈鼓励客户通过他们的机会与我们联系。我们总是很乐意审查要求并提出建议。
从传统的企业和消费者应用到启动性，医疗和可再生能源行业的新用途，有无穷无尽的解决方案的机会。我们最近努力制作三维热管和蒸气室for very high heat flux applications, where you'd want a uniform temperature through an entire heat sink. Typically, you'd put a Heat Pipe or Vapor Chamber in the base of the heat sink that touches a hot device, heat spreads and transfers to fins, and dissipates via natural or forced convection. With a three-dimensional Vapor Chamber, you wouldn't have to take the hit on thermal resistance in going from a heat pipe to a solid fin. Instead, thermal resistance is dramatically reduced since the vapor travels from the heated device directly into the fin volume.
有趣的另一个领域是使用ultra-thin Vapor Chambers，这为冷却设备（例如智能手机和平板电脑）提供了令人兴奋的可能性。热载量不断增加，并且已常规使用的石墨作为有效的热散热器达到极限。我们的超薄蒸气室可以在非常薄的区域（厚度为0.25mm）中非常有效地移动大量的热量。
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